How do the planes fly

How do the planes fly

The aircraft is a mechanical vehicle subject to mechanical and aerodynamic laws.
Air plays an important role in the flight process.

So, what's the air?

Air:

A physical material that has a mass, and its molecules move continuously, and this movement is responsible for atmospheric pressure.

Air consists of a mixture of different gases: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases.

And everything that flies needs air like birds, airships, airplanes...

Today, jets use the same aerodynamicprinciples that the Wright brothers used in 1903 to fly their aircraft into the air.

But how exactly do the planes fly?

When the aircraft is in the air, it is subject to the influence of four forces:

1. Gravity


2. Drag Force


3. Thrust momentum


4. Lift power

Aviation requires two forces: pushing and lifting.

Thrust

Momentum is the force that moves the plane in the air.

Propulsion is used to overcome the force of clouds for aircraft (or to overcome the gravitational force of missiles).

The thrust is generated by jet engines through a type of propulsion system.

Lift: How do wings lift the plane?

Lifting is more complex than thrust.

It is, in fact, controversial, often unclear, and in many books, it is completely wrong to explain it.

The wing of the plane has a special shape called the Airfoil Wing Lifter, which is puffy over the top of the bottom, and very similar to (eyebrow).

This shape helps in flying.

When the air collides with the wing, it is divided into two currents, one at the top and another at the bottom.

You always hear that these two currents meet again at the back, because the air that passes at the top of the wing cuts a longer distance from the current at the bottom, so it has to move more quickly.

In fact, the two air currents do not meet at the back in a uniform manner.

Air that moves more quickly has less pressure (this is called the Bernoulli principle), so the pressure in the area above the wing is lower than the pressure underneath it.

This variation in pressure creates lifting power.

Again, the reality is more complex, it is preferable to use Newton's laws rather than the Bernoulli principle to explain the lifting process.

The idea according to Newton's law is: the air that flows over the wing eventually swerves downwards by the angle of the wing, and Newton III's law says that there must be an equal adverse reaction, so the wing is forced to climb upwards.

There are two forces that work against flight: pull and gravity.

Gravity

It is the force generated by the mass of the aircraft, and it works against the lifting force, as it pulls the plane towards the ground.

Each aircraft has a specific take-off speed, where the lifting force overcomes the force of gravity.

This speed changes depending on the weight of a particular flight charge.

At the same time, a helicopter or aircraft engine must provide sufficient thrust to overcome the traction of the tow power.

Drag

It is a force that resists movement forward and works against momentum.

The wing must be designed, not only to lift the aircraft but also to reduce friction with the air, which causes the force of the clouds.

How do we control the plane?

To know how to control the aircraft, you must first know that the aircraft rotates around 3 axes perpendicular to each other and intersects at the center point of the aircraft.

The location and direction of the aircraft are controlled by rotating around these axes.

• Diffraction Axis (Yaw): Passes from the bottom to the top of the plane.


• Roll axis: Passes from the front to the rear of the plane.


• Slope Axis (Pitch): Passes from right to left of the plane.

Photo source: Wikipedia

How do the planes fly

To control the aircraft, the pilot uses several tools including ailerons, rudder rudders, and elevators.

These images show the position of each of them in the aircraft.

In order to control engine power, the pilot uses the throttle.

Pushing the pedal increases the power of the engine, and its pull reduces its power.

Ailerons fairies lift and lower wings.

The pilot controls the plane's wrap by lifting one catapult through the control wheel.

The wheel rotates clockwise, lifts the right-wing and lowers the left, and the plane turns to the right.

Rudder controls the diffraction of the aircraft as the pilot moves the rudder to the right or left through the pedals.

The pressure on the right pedal moves the rudder to the right, and this moves the front of the plane to the right.

Using the rudder and the wingels together, the pilot is able to change the direction of the aircraft.

Elevators are used, in order to control the slope of the aircraft.

The pilot uses the steering wheel to lift and lower these levers by moving them forward or backward.

The lowering levers lower the front of the plane and enable the plane to go down.

And raise these levers, makes the pilot fly the plane.

The pilot presses the head of the rudder pedals to use the brakes, which are used when the aircraft is on the ground to slow down the aircraft and prepare for a stop.

The right pedal head controls the right brake and the left pedal head controls the left brake.

How do the planes fly

What's the control room on the plane?

1. Rudder/Brake pedals and footrests


2. Control wheel


3. Radar display


4. Navigation controls


5. Systems information display


6. Attitude indicator


7. Direction finder


8. View Primary Flight display


9. Throttle levers engine control pedals